Seven wastes came from the original Toyota Production System. An eighth — non-utilized talent — was added as lean methodology spread to the West. Together they're anything expended that doesn't transform raw material into something the customer is willing to pay for.
Products or services that fail to meet specifications, requiring rework, scrap, or replacement — and the inspection effort needed to catch them.
Seven from the line, one from leadership.
Cutting these eight wastes is how lean teams turn effort spent into value delivered — only work the customer is willing to pay for survives the cut.